Vyborg District

Subject / Topography/Administrative - territorial division
VYBORG DISTRICT, municipal entity. Population: 172,800. Area: 7381.7 sq. km. V. D. comprises the towns of Vyborg (adm. center), Primorsk, Vysotsk, Kamennogorsk, Svetogorsk; urban settlements of Roschino, Lesogorsky, and Sovetsky; and 180 rural settlements. A part of Leningrad Oblast since 1944, after Vyborg Town and adjacent areas were transferred from Karelian Finnish SSR. Located in the western part of the Karelian Isthmus on the coast of the Gulf of Finland, typical for which are numerous skerries and bays (Vyborg Bay being the largest.) Beryiozovy Islands and Vysotsky Island belong to V. D. The district has many lakes, and the Vuoksa River. The St. Petersburg – Vyborg – Helsinki railway (since 1870) and a highway parallel to it extend across the district. The Saimaa Canal is an important transport waterway. The territory of V. D. contains the Karelian Isthmus national park, Vyborg zoological reserve, the reserves “Lakes Rakovye”, “Lake Melkovodnoye”, “Beryiozovy Islands”, “Lammin-Suo Marsh”, and “Lindulovskaya Grove”; the geological natural monument “Gustoy Island”, and game reserves. The “Royal Road” touring route connecting the Nordic countries to St. Petersburg and Staraya Ladoga extends across V. D. and Vyborg. Diving tourism is developing in the Gulf of Finland. Numerous archeological monuments have been found in V. D. Underwater archeology research is going on. Near Cape Krestovy in Vyborg Bay there is a cemetery of ancient ships. The Swedish battleship Enigheten destroyed in the sea battle of Vyborg, 1790 and discovered by an expedition of the Baltic Memory society has been examined. In the 19th century, a multitude of estates and dachas appeared in the V. D. area (especially on the Gulf of Finland coast.) The most known are the estates of Ala-Kirjola and Kuuso. Writers L. N. Andreev and D. S. Merezhkovsky, and painter N. K. Roerich spent summer months in this place . In Polyany settlement (former Uusikirkko) there was the dacha of artists E. G. Guro and M. V. Matyushin; Finnish poetess E. Södergran lived in Roschino. The local climate is friendly for patient care institutions. In 1889, a State-owned sanatorium for lung patients was set up in Halila village (Sosnovy Bor). In 1926-39, a tuberculosis sanatorium of Finland’s Armed Forces functioned in Patru (Zelyony Holm) village. In recent decades, V. D. became a popular leisure area for St. Petersburg residents again, with collective gardening settlements appearing in it (Kirillovskoye, Leipyasuo.) The district has 43 libraries (see Vyborg central district library), and houses of culture. There are museums of local history in Vyborg and Primorsk. Since 2001, the World Village Festival has been held in Roschino. Annually since 1969, the St. Petersburg-Vyborg track-and-field marathon race has been held. The district’s events are covered by the “Vyborg”, “Vyborgskiye Vedomosti”, and “Novaya Vyborgskaya Gazeta” newspapers. The district is connected with the life and activity of the Finnish enlightener and ecclesiastical figure M. Agricola; his monument is installed on Cape Kyreniemi. Near Luzhki village (former Karjalainen), the monument to local peasant Taavetti Inkinen who alone drained Lake Kotilampi in 1891–1912 has been preserved (1929; architect J. Lankinen.) Since the 1990s, the memory has been revived of the Finns who inhabited the land before the Soviet-Finnish War of 1939-40. In 1993, a monument to residents of Kivenappa Volost was opened in Pervomaiskoye settlement; Jalkala historic and ethnographic reserve museum was established in Ilyichevo settlement. There are Orthodox parishes in Vyborg, Primorsk, Kamennogorsk, Svetogorsk, Roschino, Sovetsky, Sosnovy Bor, Kamenka, Kondratyevo, Korobitsyno, Leninsky, Ozerki. The Church of St. Benjamin, Martyr is under construction in Pobeda Settlement. Parishes of the Evangelic Lutheran Church of Ingria exist in Vyborg, Primorsk, Sovetsky, Roschino, and Pobeda.
See also Baryshevo, Vozrozhdeniye, Vyborg District: Flag and Arms, Gvardeiskoye, Yermilovo, Tsvelodubovo, Lintula Holy Trinity Monastery. Chistyakov, Anton Yuryevich
Agricola, Mikael
Andreyev, Leonid Nikolayevich
Guro, Yelena Genrikhovna
Inkinen, Taaveti
Lankinen, Yalmari
Matyushin, Mikhail Vasilyevich
Merezhkovsky, Dmitry Sergeyevich
Roerich, Nikolay Konstantinovich
Sodergren, E.
Topographical landmarks/Beryozovy Islands, the (Birch Islands)
Leningrad Oblast, the/Vyborg District/Glebychevo Settlement
Topographical landmarks/Gulf of Finland, the
Leningrad Oblast, the/Vyborg District/Ilyichevo Settlement
Leningrad Oblast, the/Vyborg District/Kamenka Settlement
Leningrad Oblast, the/Vyborg District/Kamennogorsk Town
Historical Toponyms/Karelian Finland SSR (Soviet Socialist Republic)
Topographical landmarks/Karelian Isthmus, the
Leningrad Oblast, the/Vyborg District/Kirillovskoye Settlement
Leningrad Oblast, the/Vyborg District/Kondratyevo Settlement
Leningrad Oblast, the/Vyborg District/Korobitsino Settlement
Topographical landmarks/Kotilampi Lake
Topographical landmarks/Krestovy Mys (Cross Cape)
Topographical landmarks/Kyureniyemi Cape
Leningrad Oblast, the/Vyborg District/Leninskoye Settlement
Leningrad Oblast, the/Vyborg District/Lesogorsky Urban Settlement
Leningrad Oblast, the/Vyborg District/Leypyasuo Settlement
Leningrad Oblast, the/Vyborg District/Luzhki Settlement
Leningrad Oblast, the/Vyborg District/Ogonki Settlement
Leningrad Oblast, the/Vyborg District/Pobeda Settlement (Victory Settlement)
Leningrad Oblast, the/Vyborg District/Polyani Settlement
Leningrad Oblast, the/Vyborg District/Primorsk Town
Leningrad Oblast, the/Vyborg District/Roshchino Urban Village
Topographical landmarks/Saymensky Canal, the
Leningrad Oblast, the/Vyborg District/Sosnoviy Bor Settlement (Pine Forest Settlement)
Leningrad Oblast, the/Vyborg District/Sovetsky Urban Village
Leningrad Oblast, the/Volkhov District/Staraya Ladoga Village
Leningrad Oblast, the/Vyborg District/Svyatogorsk Town
Topographical landmarks/Vuoksa River, the
Topographical landmarks/Vyborg Bay, the
Leningrad Oblast, the/Vyborg District
Leningrad Oblast, the/Vyborg District/Vyborg Town
Leningrad Oblast, the/Vyborg District/Vysotsk Town
Topographical landmarks/Vysotsky Island
Leningrad Oblast, the/Vyborg District/Zelyony Kholm Settlement (Green Hill Settlement)
Карельский перешеек: Земля неизведанная. Ч. 2-3: Уусикирко, Каннельярви – Куолемаярви / Авт.-сост. Е.А. Балашов. СПб., 1998.
Карельский перешеек – земля неизвестная Ч.5-6. Юго-Западный сектор: Койвисто – Йоханнес [Приморск – Советский] /Сост. Е.А.Балашов.- СПб.: ИПК «Нива», 2003.
Балашов Е.А. Карельский перешеек. Земля неизведанная. Ч. 7: Центральный сектор: Муолаа – Яюряпяя (Красносельское – Барышево). СПб., 2004
Культура Ленинградской области на рубеже тысячелетий. СПб., 2003, С. 50-51
Балашов Е.А. Карельский перешеек. Земля неизведанная. Ч. 2: Юго-западный сектор. Уусикиркко (Поляны). СПб., 1998, С. 50-51
Agrikola Mikael, monument to
Ala - Kirjola, a country estate
"Beryozoviye ostrova" ("Birch Islands"), a reserve
"Boloto Lammin-Suo" ("The Marsh of Lammin-Suo"), a reserve
Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Ingria
Inniken Taaveti, monument to
"Karlsky Peresheyek" ("The Karelian Isthmus"), a national park
Kivennapa*, v. Pervomayskaya, settlement
Kuusa, a country estate
"Lintulovskaya grove", a reserve
Lintulsky Convent of the Holy Trinity
"Melkovodnoye Lake", a reserve
"Novaya Vyborgskaya Gazeta" ("The New Vyborg Newspaper"), a newspaper
"Ostrov Gustoy" ("Gustoy Island"), a natural monument
"Pamyat Baltiki" ("The Memory of the Baltic Sea"), a society
Ptimorsk Museum of the Local History
"Rakoviye Lakes", a reserve
"Vyborg Castle", the State Museum
Vyborg Central District Library, the
Vyborg zoological reserve, the
"Vyborg", a newspaper
"Vyborgskiye vedomosti" ("Vyborg Gazette"), a newspaper
"World village", a festival
"Yalkala", a historic and ethnographic museum-reserve, the